blog Archives - California Aqua Pros

Why a Skimmer is So Important?

by Greg Purkey
Mar 15, 2019
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Many of you who have had swimming pools will know what I mean when skimmers are concerned.

Pools are typically designed with some sort of skimmer that is built along the side of the pool in a
strategic location, attached to the pump circulation system and used to remove floating debris (leaves,
trash, organics, etc.) from the surface before it becomes water logged and sinks to the bottom. There is
a door (weir) that floats at the entrance of the skimmer throat and creates a higher velocity over the
surface at that location. This, in turn, draws the debris that is further away than without this weir.
Inside is a basket that collects the debris to be easily removed and emptied.

Well, ponds are no different and I would make the argument skimmers are even more important when you are talking about biological needs and organic loads. The more debris that can be removed from the surface before it has a chance to fall to the bottom and decompose the less organic load is placed on the entire biological system. Another advantage with a pond skimmer is that, because the submersible pond pump is typically housed inside the skimmer, you cannot hear the pump running or have to find a place to hide it in the landscape. Also, in the case a leak in the waterfall materializes, the water in the pond can only drop to the bottom of the skimmer throat thus saving your loved koi or fish. Worst case scenario you have to replace your pump but your fish are still safe.

Many manufacturers provide skimmers to the marketplace.

Regardless of what is installed, a pond without one, in my opinion, is like a car without wheels…a failing proposition! However, many skimmers have small baskets or surface area to collect debris which can create the need to empty more often and not be able to accommodate larger flow rates. In my 26 years of business my company has rebuilt hundreds of features originally built by others using other manufacturer products. That experience has shown that the Aquascape Signature Series 1000 skimmer is the best product on the market today. It has an adjustable weir plate and can handle 10,000 + gph flow. The basket is huge and the built in handle makes it easy to remove and clean. It is also large enough for two pumps to be installed.

See how skimmer works, also easy is to maintain and service.

One last note

On skimmers when dealing with large systems or high debris locations. Sometimes adding many skimmers to a large system just doesn’t make sense so Intake Bays can be an even better solution
for keeping surface debris moving onto beach areas to be raked up and removed. Intake Bays can be constructed with large weir areas to handle large flow rates and extreme debris loads. Because these systems are fabricated and constructed onsite I would recommend they are installed by a competent contractor that has had experience building them.

Unfortunately, I still find many ponds being built today without skimmers and it boggles my mind! If you are a homeowner building your own pond spend the extra money and install a quality skimmer. You won’t be disappointed. If you are a pond contractor do the right thing. You should know better.

Aquascape Koi Pond - San Jose CA 3' depth

Why a Pond Instead of Grass?

by Greg Purkey
Mar 06, 2019
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We have all loved our lawn and it has been a part of most American lives for many generations but what are the costs to have a piece of natural turf in your yard and what are the options. Let’s investigate…

Most homeowners irrigate their lawn approximately 5 – 10 minutes per day during the summer although some experts recommend a one hour per week saturation to keep the roots growing deep
within the soil.

However, if you are in an area where the soil is high in clay content and an hour worth of watering produces major waste onto unnecessary areas like sidewalks, walkways, planters, etc. you will find this option inefficient. Regardless, turf requires an enormous amount of additional water to keep it looking good throughout the year especially if you are living in areas across the country where rain is not a constant throughout the season.

So what about artificial turf?

Zero water usage and looks like grass. But what is really happening when artificial turf is installed. First, the temperature of artificial turf can exceed 150 degrees Fahrenheit on a warm summer day. This can actually cause damage to surrounding live plants in planter areas next to the artificial turf and require additional watering and/or spray irrigation to alleviate wilting or Damage. Because of these higher surface temperatures most people find it unavailable to use during the summer months for laying out, walking barefoot or enjoying like they did with their natural turf.

Also, those native beneficial bugs (praying mantis, ladybugs, ground beetles, saprophytes, etc.) that help eliminate garden pests and break down organic material in the soil can no longer flourish. Although many manufacturers of artificial turf have developed products to keep turf cooler, most require water saturation to activate their cooling systems thus requiring water once thought to be unneeded. Don’t get me wrong. Artificial turf can be a great option for the look of grass but not for the same uses.

What if a pond or water feature was built in the same area as once irrigated by natural turf?

Let’s take a look at the facts. Typically, the amount of water used to maintain a pond, due to evaporation, would be approximately 50% less than that used to maintain natural turf in the same footprint, according to experts. While Pondless (Disappearing) waterfalls or water features can save 70% or more. But what if water savings to a typical customer being billed by their respective Water Company wasn’t the concern?

What if simple sustainability is the concern?

Although many varieties of animals live within natural turf nothing compares to the abundance of life within a natural aquatic system. From diverse colonies of bacteria, fungi and biofilms to countless species of copepods, rotifers and tardigrades there is nothing more alive and diverse than biologically sound water! Not only do these microscopic forms of life occur naturally but the fun stuff like, fish, butterflies, dragonflies, frogs, etc. give us all a feeling of connection to nature when we need it most. While these biological features can literally be a classroom for aquatic scientists they are simply used by homeowners to unwind, socialize and relax and maybe that is the ultimate benefit.

The bottom line is that the weekly time spent mowing and watering your lawn might be better invested
in a pond or water feature to enjoy daily with your loved ones reconnecting to Mother Nature while
knowing you are giving something back to her.

Liner vs Concrete

by California Aqua Pros
Oct 09, 2018
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Our views concerning the debate on Liner vs. Concrete.

Ponds can be built using several types of materials, however, concrete and liner are most common. But which is really the best?

Many landscapers and contractors install concrete ponds because it is what they know. However, being that our beginnings come from 3 generations of experience in the pool and water feature business we have become very familiar with concrete structures.

Concrete has some inherent problems:

Cracking and leaks due to ground movement or improper construction.
The leaching of lime which causes higher pH and alkalinity.
Once a boulder or cobblestone is set in concrete it becomes very difficult to change.
Repairs can be costly and difficult.

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer, a type of rubber) liners, on the other hand, give great flexibility for the placement of those large boulders and an ease for building exactly as laid out and dug. It also, makes it much easier to integrate the edge of the pond with the landscaping. EPDM liners are fish-safe and do not require a special water-sealing cement or mortar to return the water.

Oakland, CA hyacinth pond, aquascape pond, water garden

20 Pond Myths Exposed

by California Aqua Pros
Jul 01, 2018
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Don’t Fight Mother Nature!

Like any other culture in the world, the pondering culture has its own mythology which has grown and matured over the years. However, just because our ancestors always thought it was true, doesn’t necessarily make it true. Here, 20 “old-wives tales” are examined and the facts set straight . . . once and for all.

1. Predators will eat all of your fish!

There is a constant fear in the water gardening community that raccoons and other four-legged predators will go swimming in your pond, and while they’re in there, they’ll help themselves to some of your prize koi, shubunkin, or goldfish. When you go out to your pond in the morning and discover you’re missing a fish or two, it’s very tempting to blame it on such critters, especially if you didn’t see it happen. There has to be a reasonable explanation, and predators are as good as any, right?

However, take the following facts into consideration before you jump to any conclusions. Raccoons generally won’t swim. That’s not to say they never swim, or couldn’t stand on the side of your pond and take a paw swipe or two at your fish. Fortunately, most fish will swim to a deeper, more protected part of the pond when a predator is threatening them.

The one predator with legitimate credentials is the blue heron. These tall, long-legged, big-beaked birds can easily wade into your pond, help themselves to any fish they think look tasty, and fly away with their bellies full. They are a protected species, so they are off-limits if you’re thinking about taking revenge on them. However, a scarecrow, a motion-sensing sprinkler that can be set up alongside your pond, ready to fire a steady stream of water at a heron, has had some degree of success in warding off these curious critters. It’s a good idea to move the sprinkler often though, to keep them guessing.

Giving your fish a place to hide dramatically helps their odds of survival. Plenty of lily pads give them some protection and will work to minimize attracting a heron in the first place. Other protection measures include a cave-like structure that can be built in during the pond’s excavation, or if you already have a pond, they can be added with a little pond remodeling.

Rocks are essential in creating these hiding places in your pond. Crevices, or miniature caves, can be created within the rock walls of your pond.

The possibility of pond predators seeking out your pond is, indeed, a valid concern in terms of the safety of your pond’s inhabitants, but the possibility shouldn’t be a reason to avoid building a pond.

2. The presence of rocks and gravel make it difficult to clean your pond.

You are susceptible to buying into this myth if, and only if, you’ve never experienced pondering with rocks and gravel in your pond. If you have a smooth-bottom pond, and each season you’re amazed at the amount of muck and grime that collects on the bottom, you automatically rule out rocks as a solution. You keep visualizing that same amount of muck on top of the rocks and gravel and say, “NO!” to even considering them. It’s understandable. It seems logical . . . until you learn the rest of the story.

Rocks and gravel offer a natural place for aerobic bacteria to colonize and set up housekeeping. This bacteria breaks down the fish waste and debris that would otherwise accumulate in the pond and turn into sludge. Regardless of your pond’s location (i.e. close to trees and loads of leaves), or how many fish you have in it, you’ll find that having rocks and gravel in your pond not only makes it look better, but it makes it healthier as well.

So contrary to the myth, having rocks and gravel on the bottom of your pond actually allow Mother Nature to clean up herself, saving you headaches and hours of work trying to keep the bottom of your pond muck-free.

3. UV lights such as those in UltraKlear TM UVC are the best way to keep your pond water clear.

UV clarifiers are one of the ways to keep your pond water clear, but certainly not the only way, and arguably not the natural way. The fact of the matter is that if you have a pond that’s naturally balanced, in which the aquatic circle of life is rotating the way that Mother Nature intended, you don’t need UVC at all. In this naturalistic setting, the fish eat the plants, then produce waste that gets broken down (along with other pond debris) by aerobic bacteria that’s colonized on the rocks and gravel below, and then it’s taken back up as nutrition by the plants, continuing the cycle. A naturally balance pond is a low maintenance pond because Mother Nature is doing the maintenance work for you. Pretty good deal, don’t you think?

There are several drawbacks to the UC solution though. First, No matter how intense, UV clarifiers don’t affect string algae at all, and so this problem is not addressed. Secondly, after the regular large algae is killed, it generally falls to the bottom of the pond, biodegrades, and provides another wave of nutrition for another (often larger) algae bloom. If you’re not careful, it’s easy to encourage larger cycles of algae blooms by using a UVC. If your pond is unbalanced, the choices are minimal. The third, and most obvious drawback is that a UVC isn’t cheap, and the bulbs usually require replacement every season.

4. Your pond must be at least three-feet deep in order to keep koi.

There are thousands of two-foot deep ponds around the country, full of happy and health koi. A common myth is that ponds must be built at least 3-feet deep, especially if they contain koi and are located in a colder climate. You see, the water in a two-foot deep pond will only freeze eight inches down, even in the coldest of climates, because of the insulating qualities of the earth that surrounds the ponds.

A pond that is too deep could be considered a swimming pool by your local government and therefore, fall under strict guidelines and codes. Also, more digging means more work, more water to fill the pond, and more additives to treat algae and fish illnesses.

5. Koi can’t be kept in a pond that also contains plants.

In a naturally balanced ecosystem, koi and plants complements and need one another. In nature, fish feed on plants. As a result, the fish produce waste, which is broken down by aerobic bacteria on the bottom of your pond, which, in turn, is used as fertilizer by the plants to grow and produce more natural fish food. It’s known as the circle of life, and to imply that koi and plants shouldn’t co-exist is to ignore nature.

On the contrary, fish naturally love to eat plants, and most of the time they’ll (the fish) survive nicely without you feeding them at all due to the plants and algae. On the other hand, you have to have sufficient volume of plants to accommodate the koi too. In the naturally balanced pond, proportionality is always a key ingredient to success.

6. You have to bring your fish inside for the winter.

Fish do fine during the coldest of winters as long as you give them two feet of water to swim in, oxygenate the water, and keep a hole in the ice with a bubble, allowing the naturally produced gasses to escape from under the ice. Otherwise, you let Mother Nature do the rest. The fish will spend the entire winter hibernating at the bottom of the pond and then they will slowly wake up as the water warms in the spring.

7. Your pond water must be tested on a daily basis.

This myth comes from the aquarium industry and it has a lot to do with the fact that an aquarium is a much smaller body of water and the small size makes it more difficult to balance. Mother Nature never tests her waters, and her ecosystem does just fine. A well conceived, naturally balanced water garden normally requires no testing either.

8. A pond in your backyard means you have a lot of mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes will generally only lay their eggs in still, stagnant water. If the mosquitoes happens to lay eggs in your pond and the mosquito larvae hatch, the fish in your pond will consider them a treat and will pick them off the water’s surface with great enthusiasm. Your skimmer will sweep up whatever the fish miss. Another option is to use a natural mosquito larvae killer, such as a Mosquito Dunks and Pre-Strike TM .

9. You cannot have a pond in an area where there are a lot of trees.

In nature, ponds and trees go together like ham and eggs on a breakfast table. Yes, you will have more leaves in your pond in the fall but, by the same token, the shade provided by the tree(s) will help minimize the algae bloom in the summer. Furthermore, if you have a skimmer sucking the top quarter inch of water off the top of your pond, it will pull most of the leaves and related debris into an awaiting net. This takes about 30 seconds to empty, and it can be a daily task in the fall if your pond is close to trees. Add it all up and it’s a trade-off that most full-sun water gardeners would love to have! So don’t worry about trees and ponds. They’re fine.

10. You can’t have koi in a pond that also has rocks and gravel.

Koi are actually just a fancy variety of carp, and all carp are bottom feeders. They love to swim along the bottom and scavenge everything that is available on and in-between the rocks. In nature, it’s not uncommon to find ponds, lakes, or rivers with rocks on the bottom. It’s more like their natural environment than an exposed rubber liner, so why even think about doing battle with Mother Nature?

11. It’s okay to use chemicals in your pond.

This one comes from the swimming pool industry. If chlorine is good for humans in the local swimming pool, then chemicals must be okay for fish and the plants in the pond. Products like algaecide (copper sulfate), dechlorinator (sodium thisulfate), and fish antibiotics are commonly used as quick-fix solutions to balance related problems. In the end, your best bet is to attached the root cause of the problem and make sure that you have a naturally balanced pond that allows Mother Nature to take care of all the maintenance issues.

12. Having a pond may decrease the value of your home!

Everyone knows when it comes to the resale valve of your home, a swimming pool can be deadly. However, in the opinion of some real estate agents, ponds can be a great addition to your home that might even pay dividends. With water features becoming more and more popular, you can bet that the demand for them will get even bigger!

13. I have liability or safety concerns!

It’s natural to have these thoughts and concerns, but it is important to remember that a professionally-installed water garden has steps leading into the ponds. The first shelf is only ankle high once the gravel is laid down. The next shelf is up to your knee, while the smallest area in the bottom is just above your knee, so it is not constructed like a swimming pool. We do recommend that you make your neighbors aware of the water garden and educate your own children and friends about the safety of any body of water.

14. I want my pond located in the lowest part of my yard!

It makes sense to have your water garden in this area because it already collects water, however, this is probably the worst location for your investment because of the run-off that can creep it’s way into your pond. Ask yourself this, “Do you really want your pond located on the opposite end of your property? Do you really want to miss the sights, sounds, and interactive nature your pond presents everyday?” When it’s positioned near your house, you can take in the beauty and tranquility of your pond when entertaining friends or lounging on your deck.

15. You can use a timer on your pond!

Not true! Your pond is a living, breathing ecosystem that needs constant oxygen, just like the human race. If you shut your system down at night, then you can never have sufficient growth of beneficial bacteria to fight algae blooms, and your finned friends will have a hard time breathing.

16. It’s necessary to drain and clean your pond regularly.

The reality is, if you fail to set your system up using the five part recipe so that it’s working in harmony with Mother Nature, then you’ll be asking for a lot of related problems that may require you to drain and clean your pond out a regular basis. On the other hand, if you decide to work in harmony with Mother Nature instead of doing battle with her, then draining and cleaning your pond should take place only once a year (at most). Cleanout should occur in the spring, before the weather gets warm and the bacteria has an opportunity to set up.

17. Bottom drains work best if you have koi.

The claim by many koi keepers is that the water will lack sufficient oxygen at the lower levels, and this insufficiency can be detrimental to your koi. The real fact is that if you avoid making your pond any deeper than two feet, there is very little difference in the oxygen levels at the surface and at the bottom of the pond. The problem with bottom drains is that they have a tendency to promote leaks, possibly leaving your fish land-locked. Now that’s a problems to avoid at all costs.

18. The more filtration, the better the pond.

Believe or not, you can over-filter a pond. That’s right. Tight filter pads in your skimmer pick up the smallest particles of debris, causing you to be cleaning the filtering mechanism out constantly. Now remember, we’re not talking about drinking water here. What we are about is water clarity and water that’s healthy for your fish. Fish in the wild certainly don’t swim around bottled water. If you can see a dime on the bottom of the pond, then the water clarity is just right for your fish and filtering past that is overkill and will create headaches, not eliminate them.

19. You can’t be a koi hobbyist and a water gardener.

Not true! You can raise koi and have a beautiful water garden. There are koi hobbyist who have perfectly balanced pond ecosystems with no chemicals, no sterilization, and a nice assortment of plants. The koi can grow up to be just as beautiful and just as healthy as they are in traditional koi ponds – and you’ll love them just as much!

20. High tech is the solution to controlling Mother Nature.

More than anything else, being observant and learning from Mother Nature is what it takes to be a water gardener. Whatever she does naturally is what you should be doing in your pond. Whatever she doesn’t do is what you should be avoiding in your pond. If there is a golden rule of pondering, it is not to mess with Mother Nature because you’ll lose.

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